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Chemical element · Atomic number 29
Copper (Cu)
Transition metals · Period 4 · Solid
Element identity
- Atomic number (Z)
- 29
- Symbol
- Cu
- Atomic weight / isotope mass number
- 63.546(3)
- Category
- Transition metals
- Physical state (reference)
- Solid
- Period
- 4
- Group (reference)
- 11
- Block
- d
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Red-orange metallic luster
- Density
- 8.96 g·cm⁻³
- Melting point
- 1357.77 K / 1084.62 °C / 1984.32 °F
- Boiling point
- 2835 K / 2562 °C / 4643 °F
- Sublimation point
- Not available
Atomic and material properties
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
- Electrons per shell
- K2 L8 M18 N1
- Oxidation states
- −2, 1, 2, 3, 4
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.9
- Atomic radius
- 145 pm
- Covalent radius
- 132±4 pm
- Molar ionization energies
- 1st: 745.5 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 3555 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 5536 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 7700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 9900 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 13,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 16,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 19,200 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 22,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 25,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 35,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 13th: 38,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 14th: 42,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 15th: 46,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 16th: 50,200 kJ·mol⁻¹ 17th: 53,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 18th: 61,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 19th: 64,702 kJ·mol⁻¹ 20th: 163,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 21st: 174,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 22nd: 184,900 kJ·mol⁻¹ 23rd: 198,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 24th: 210,500 kJ·mol⁻¹ 25th: 222,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 26th: 239,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 27th: 249,660 kJ·mol⁻¹ 28th: 1,067,358 kJ·mol⁻¹ 29th: 1,116,105 kJ·mol⁻¹
- Thermal conductivity
- 401 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Molar heat capacity
- 24.440 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Crystal structure
- Face-centered cubic
- CAS number
- 7440-50-8
Property source: Wikipedia — Copper, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.
Sources and interpretation
Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.
Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.
Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.
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