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Chemical element · Atomic number 28
Nickel (Ni)
Transition metals · Period 4 · Solid
Element identity
- Atomic number (Z)
- 28
- Symbol
- Ni
- Atomic weight / isotope mass number
- 58.6934(4)
- Category
- Transition metals
- Physical state (reference)
- Solid
- Period
- 4
- Group (reference)
- 10
- Block
- d
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
- Density
- 8.908 g·cm⁻³
- Melting point
- 1728 K / 1455 °C / 2651 °F
- Boiling point
- 3003 K / 2730 °C / 4946 °F
- Sublimation point
- Not available
Atomic and material properties
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹
- Electrons per shell
- K2 L8 M16 N2 or K2 L8 M17 N1
- Oxidation states
- 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.91
- Atomic radius
- 149 pm
- Covalent radius
- 124±4 pm
- Molar ionization energies
- 1st: 737.1 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1753.0 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 3395 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 5300 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 7339 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 10,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 12,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 15,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 18,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 21,670 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 30,970 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 34,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 13th: 37,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 14th: 41,500 kJ·mol⁻¹ 15th: 44,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 16th: 48,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 17th: 55,101 kJ·mol⁻¹ 18th: 58,570 kJ·mol⁻¹ 19th: 148,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 20th: 159,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 21st: 169,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 22nd: 182,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 23rd: 194,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 24th: 205,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 25th: 221,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 26th: 231,490 kJ·mol⁻¹ 27th: 992,718 kJ·mol⁻¹ 28th: 1,039,668 kJ·mol⁻¹
- Thermal conductivity
- 90.9 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Molar heat capacity
- 26.07 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Crystal structure
- Face-centered cubic
- CAS number
- 7440-02-0
Property source: Wikipedia — Nickel, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.
Sources and interpretation
Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.
Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.
Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.
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